| John Dalton | |
|---|---|
| |
| Born | 6 September 1766 Eaglesfield, Cumberland, England, Great Britain |
| Died | 27 July 1844 (aged 77) Manchester, Lancashire, England, United Kingdom |
| Cause of death | Stroke |
| Residence | England |
| Nationality | British |
| Known for | Atomic theory, Law of Multiple Proportions, Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures, Daltonism |
| Awards | Royal Medal (1826) |
| Scientific career | |
| Notable students | James Prescott Joule |
| Influences | John Gough |
| Author abbrev. (botany) | Jn.Dalton |
| Signature | |
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John Dalton FRS (/ˈdɔːltən/; 6 September 1766 – 27 July 1844) was an English chemist, physicist, and meteorologist. He is best known for introducing the atomic theory into chemistry, and for his research into colour blindness, sometimes referred to as Daltonism in his honour.
Early life
John Dalton was born into a Quaker family in Eaglesfield, near Cockermouth, in Cumberland, England.[1] His father was a weaver. He received his early education from his father and from Quaker John Fletcher, who ran a private school in the nearby village of Pardshaw Hall. Dalton's family was too poor to support him for long and he began to earn his living at the age of ten in the service of a wealthy local Quaker, Elihu Robinson.[2] It is said he began teaching at a local school at age 12 and became proficient in Latin at age 14.
Early career
When he was 15, Dalton joined his older brother Jonathan in running a Quaker school in Kendal, Westmorland, about 45 miles (72 km) from his home. Around the age of 23 Dalton may have considered studying law or medicine, but his relatives did not encourage him, perhaps because being a Dissenter, he was barred from attending English universities. He acquired much scientific knowledge from informal instruction by John Gough, a blind philosopher who was gifted in the sciences and arts. At the age of 27 he was appointed teacher of mathematics and natural philosophy at the "New College" in Manchester, a dissenting academy (the lineal predecessor, following a number of changes of location, of Harris Manchester College, Oxford). He remained there until the age of 34, when the college's worsening financial situation led him to resign his post and begin a new career as a private tutor in mathematics and natural philosophy.
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